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Diabetes is a dysfunction of the pancreas, an organ which is located in the back of the upper part of the abdomen. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas and, among other things, functions in the body to regulate sugar metabolism. For glucose to get into cells insulin must be present when we eat. In a healthy individual the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cell receptors do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.
Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Diabetes is often associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body. The disease may lead to heart and blood vessel disease, strokes, kidney failure, amputations, nerve damage and blindness. Uncontrolled diabetes can complicate pregnancy, and birth defects are more common in babies born to women with diabetes. There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, otherwise known as insulin dependent or juvenile onset diabetes, Type 2, classified as adult onset diabetes (although now more often seen in obese teenagers)and gestational diabetes.
Since there may be other scientific evidence that is not reported in the major U.S. biomedical databases, this list of treatments cannot be considered comprehensive.
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