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Acupuncture — Recommendations & Guidelines</p>
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<p><span class='head3'>American Psychiatric Association</span><br />
Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc. 1995 or the <I>American Journal of Psychiatry.</I> 152 (11 Suppl):1-59, Nov. 1995. “Practice guideline for treatment of patients with substance use disorders: alcohol, cocaine, opioids.” Electronic copies available from the American Psychiatric Association web site at <a href='http://www.psych.org/clin_res/pg_substance.cfm' target='_top'>http://www.psych.org/clin_res/pg_substance.cfm</a></p>
<p><span class='head3'>Federal Drug Administration (FDA)</span><br />
In 1996, based on a review of available data, the FDA reclassified acupuncture needles for general use from Class III (investigational use only with clinical studies required to establish safety and efficacy) to Class II (requires good manufacturing and proper labeling, to be used by licensed, registered or certified practitioners). Manufacturers are required to obtain pre-market clearance from the FDA and must meet manufacturing quality requirements.</p>
<p><span class='head3'>National Institutes of Health Consenus Conference on Acupuncture</span><br />
Sponsored by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the Office of Medical Applications of Research, NIH<br />
In November 1997 a 2 day conference was convened to evaluate the scientific and medical evidence on the uses, benefits and safety of acupuncture. An independent, non-federal panel issued a consensus statement validating the use of acupuncture for nausea caused by chemotherapy, surgical anesthesia and pregnancy; for adult post-operative pain; and for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. More rigorous clinical studies were called for to test the effectiveness of acupuncture for other conditions. Addressing safety the panel noted that the incidence of adverse effects from acupuncture is substantially lower than the medical drugs and procedures used to treat the same conditions. For a copy of the consensus statement call 888 644-2667 or visit the National Institutes of Health web site at <a href='http://consensus.nih.gov' target='_top'>http://consensus.nih.gov</a>.</p>
<p><span class='head3'>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</span><br />
Public Health Service, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 1996. Treatment improvement protocol series; no. 23. “Treatment drug courts: integrating substance abuse treatment with legal case processing.” Electronic copies available from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Health Services Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT) database at <a href='http://text.nlm.nih.gov' target='_top'>http://text.nlm.nih.gov</a> or the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) at <a href='http://www.health.org/pubs/qdocs' target='_top'>www.health.org/pubs/qdocs</a>. Print copies are available from the NCADI at P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852. </p>
<p><span class='head3'>World Health Organization</span><br />
“Guidelines for Clinical Research on Acupuncture.”<br />
WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series, No. 15. 1995. ISBN # 92 9061 1146. Order # 1510015<br />
Sets out detailed guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical studies evaluating acupuncture.“Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature” Nonserial Publication of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 1993. ISBN # 92 9061 1057. Order # 1512001 <br />
Creation of a unified, standard nomenclature for acupuncture covering 361 classic acupuncture points. Each point has the Chinese phonetic name, the Han (Chinese character) and an alphanumeric code derived from the English translation of the meridian name. Two indexes list the names and codes in English, French, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese and the Han characters for the 361 points.</p>
<p>“Viewpoint on Acupuncture.” Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1979. The World Health Organization lists more than 40 conditions for which acupuncture is appropriate therapy.</p>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Digestive Conditions: abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, hyperacidity and indigestion</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Emotional Conditions: anxiety, depression, insomnia, nervousness and neurosis</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Eye-Ear-Nose-Throat Conditions: cataracts, gingivitis, poor vision, tinnitus and toothache</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Gynecological Conditions: infertility, menopausal symptoms and premenstrual syndrome</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Musculoskeletal Conditions: arthritis, back pain, muscle cramping, muscle pain/weakness, neck pain, sciatica</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Neurological Conditions: headaches, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, Parkinsonís disease, postoperative pain and stroke</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Respiratory Conditions: asthma, bronchitis, common cold, sinusitis, smoking cessation and tonsilitis</td></tr></table>
<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0'><tr><td width='12' valign='top' align='center' height='2'><font face='Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif' size='2' color='#FFFFFF'><img src='../images/bullet.gif' width='5' height='5' vspace='4'></font></td><td width='400' class='bullet'>Miscellaneous Conditions: addiction control, athletic performance, blood pressure regulation, chronic fatigue, immune system tonification and stress reduction</td></tr></table>
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<p class="timestamp">Content last modified on Apr 8, 2003</p>
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